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Head & Neck Cancer Evaluation & Management

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Head & Neck Cancer Evaluation & Management

Head and neck cancer refers to a group of cancers that originate in the mouth, throat, voice box, sinuses, or other areas of the head and neck region. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment are crucial for the best outcomes.

Types of Head & Neck Cancer

  • Oral Cavity Cancer – affects lips, tongue, gums, and inner cheeks
  • Throat (Pharyngeal) Cancer – includes nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx
  • Laryngeal Cancer – arises in the voice box
  • Thyroid Cancer – affects the thyroid gland
  • Salivary Gland Tumors
  • Nasal & Paranasal Sinus Cancer

Common Causes

  • Tobacco use (smoking or chewing)
  • Alcohol consumption
  • HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection
  • Prolonged sun exposure (lip cancer)
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Genetic predisposition or family history

Symptoms

  • Persistent sore throat or hoarseness
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Lumps or swelling in the neck or jaw
  • Mouth sores that do not heal
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Ear pain or hearing changes

Treatment Options

  • Surgical Removal – removal of tumors and affected tissue
  • Radiation Therapy – targeted rays to kill cancer cells
  • Chemotherapy – drugs to destroy or shrink tumors
  • Targeted Therapy – focuses on specific cancer cell markers
  • Rehabilitation – speech therapy, nutritional support, etc.

Prevention Tips

  • Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol use
  • Maintain good oral hygiene
  • Get vaccinated against HPV
  • Eat a healthy, antioxidant-rich diet
  • Schedule regular screenings, especially if you're at risk
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